Scotch block



May 23, g33. 5 Wv HAYES PQSQ SCOTGH BLOCK Filed Sept. 3C), 1951 5 Slfleets-Shee'l 2 man..

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ATTORNEYS.

May 23, 1933., w HAYES 1,910,389

SCOTCH, BLOCK Filed Sept. 30, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 v IN V EN TOR.

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Patented May 23, 1933 UNITED STATES PATE-Nr OFFICE" STANLEY W. HAYES, or RICHMOND, INDIANA, AssIGNOR To HAYEsfTRACK APPLIANOR COMPANY, on RICHMOND, INDIANA, A CORPORATION OF INDIANA SCOTCH BLOCK Application led September 30, 1931. Serial No. 566,045.4

Y lrail into the plane of the ties -to insure diss-ipation of the shock of car wheel impact to `the ties and ballast. The scotch block of this application also embodies certain .aspects of the scotch blocks disclosed and claimed in Patent No. 1,801,917 issued to the present applicant April 21, 1931, and in his pending` application filed October 18, 1930, Serial No.V

489,524. The object of the invention is the provision `oit a light, strong and el'iicient scotch .block capable of production at relatively low cost and having improved and readily applicable clamping Ameans Jfor maintaining it upright on the rail, and the invention consists in the subject matter of this nature illustrated and described herein and set forth in the Aappended claims defining its scope.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of one of .the scotch blocks on the rail;

Fig. l2 a perspective on a larger scale show- .ing the principal members of the scotch block ready for assembling;

F ig..3 is a front sectional elevation on 4'the line Ill-III of Fig. 4;

F ig. 4 lis an enlarged detail plan indicating the mode of connection of the clamping members to the block;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail perspective of 'fthe 'left-'hand clamping member;

Fig. 6 is an incomplete sectional front e'levation showing the scotch yblock applied `to a ward extensions at each sidefof the rail, reachvation on the line XI-XIV, Fig. 7 showing de- I tails of the block of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a perspective of the lefthand clamping member of Figs. 9 and 10; l

Fig. 13 is a perspective of a scotch block-*i55 embodying a third modification of the invention' j Fig. 14 is a perspective -of-parts of this scotch block in readiness for assembling;

Fig. 15 is a detail perspective on a'larger' scale illustrating the parts ofthe double :clamping jaw before their assembling and welding together; p Fig. 16 is a perspective ofthe iinished jaw; and Fig. 17 is a vertical sectional frontview of this particu-lar scotch block assembled on the rail. Y

Referring to Figs. l to 6, the block proper,

marked 1, isan upright flat plate forming by ,70

its front curved edge a contact surface 2 which will be termed the car wheel-abutment. It may be economically produced by punching or cutting it outfof aisteel plate with the desiredvcontour. This plate or block extends up from the rail a distance of llg, or substantially to the level of the car wheel axis, so as to preclude overrunning of the `bloclby the wheel. It is provided with rigid ydowning to the plane of the ties, and through which it is adapted to transmit the shock `or stress ot car wheel impact to the tic and ballast. These extensions 4may conveniently A'be formed bypassing oneleg 3 Otan inverted 1.

U-shaped sheet steel tie-tace-.abutment 1member through the rear slot y4 in plate 1 vand welding it thereto in symmetrical relation to .the plane of the plate. The means -or holding the block upright on the rail so that it. ,L

will be secure lagainst.displacement from accidental causes `but may yet slide valongvthe rail under the car wheel impact, may be Variously constructed within the principle of this invention and in the form of Figs. V1-to 6 comprises clamp jaw supporti-ng structure .extending rigidly downward from theplate .at each side of the railhead and conveniently constituted by the legs .5 of an inverted U- shaped plate member, `which is most-readily secured to the plate 1 by inserting it through the forward slot 6, or notched lower edge of the plate 1 and welding it thereto in symmetrical relation to the plane of the plate. Each leg, in the figures referred to, is braced and further connected tothe plate by a gusset lug 7 which is welded in the corner which the leg 5 makes with the plate so that it serves as reinforcement to the leg, being welded to both theleg and the plate asindicated in Fig. 4. The plane of the upper side of each of these gusset-lugs or cornery pieces makes an acute angle with the plane of the abutment plate, as ap ears in Fig. 8. A floating clamping ,jaw 8 Fig. 5) preferably formed of bent steel plate is adjustably mounted on the abutment structure just referred to, in rear of each leg 5 on which it is adapted to be adjusted and to which it is clamped after adjustment. Each jaw is suspended fromthe gusset lug 7 by a supporting and adjustingbolt 9 introduced into and loosely fitting holes in the lug and in the bent-over` top l of the clamping'jaw,

which is thus suspended directly from the bolt head. By reason of the loose-fit of the bolt, the clamping aw is permitted a certain f lateral movement and by adjusting the bolt it can be raised or lowered on the leg 5. Thev head of the'bolt is prevented from turning by l its proximity Ito the adjacent side of the clamping aw, but its nut 11 is easily yaccessible on the top side of'thellu'g for manipulation. It may be noted here that the longi- `tudinal axis of the bolt lies in the plane exthe face of the gusset lug or corner piece 7 tending lengthwise of therail Vand normal to Y This plane crosses from below upward and inward the plane g/ extending lengthwise of wise thus provides a cross draw of the clamp' the rail and containing the major axis of the adjacent leg. Adjustment of the bolt ending jaw inward and upward toward the rail.

Each leg 5 has a slot 12 extending lengthwise thereof and symmetrically related to the longitudinal axis of the leg, and each clamping jaw 8 has a corresponding slot 13 whose longitudinal axis makes an angle with that'of the other slot. A cross bolt 14 occupying 'y these slots serves to secure the jaw in its ad- 5oarrangement permits adjustment to rails of' justed position as presently explained. This any height within the contemplated range.

' Each said jaw 8 is shaped to engage the rail, fand preferably at three points of contact therewith marked 16, 17 and 18 respectively and being at the side of the rail head 16) under the rail headv (17) and on the edge of the base flange (18).

The inner edge of the jaw is shaped accordingly, seats 16 and 18 being preferably in a common plane.

` In this as in the other forms of the inven l tion the operation of applying the block to the rail involves a preliminary clamping to a moderate seating against the rail'head by the adjustment in Figs. 1 to 6, of the bOltS 9,

which ordinarily swing the lower ends of the clamp jaws somewhat outward away from the rail. The lower ends of the jaws are then forced inward against the rail flanges sym metrically, the block being thereby centered on the rail; the parts are then secured in this position by tightening the nuts 15 on thelcross bolts. By reason of the angularity of the jaw slots, pressing the cross-bolts downwardswill serve to close the jaws on the rail. Washers may of course be supplied, though not shown. With this construction in which both clamping jaws extend below the base of the rail it is `possible to clamp the scotch block with sufficient security to the rail to maintain it safely erect at all times while leaving it free to yield or slide thereon when a car wheel strikes it so hard as to drive it, and its tie rearwardly, there being no danger of excess clampingfriction such as might cause the K fact alone. To prevent upward movement or jumping of the block ofl" the rail, on car kwheel impact, the jaws'should, however, extend un- ^der the rail head or rail base, orseparate means for that purpose should be provided. It will be seen that the construction described providesinall a seven point clamping contact with the rail, i. e. the seat of the plate 1 on the rail and the six'seats arrangedsymmetrically in sets `of three each at eachside of the rail. This arrangement, and 1n particular the extension ofthe clamping jaws A"below the base y.of the rail, is preferred andv has advantages not possessed by structures in which clamping'jaws do not extend down farenough to seat on the rail flange edge. Shorter jaws however may be employed within the invention, though not affording these advantages.

Referring tothe modified form shown in Figs. 7 to 12, this is a light low cost structure of the tie-pusher type, in which the tie abutment members occupy the same position on the block proper as the clamp means, thus simplifying the structure. In this scotch block the plate or block 1, which seats on the rail tread, has welded thereto at each side thereof a little above the rail a. horizontal.

shelf-like plate 19, both of these plates or such ends forms a notch or crotch to embrace the rail `and provide centering means of a bers 21 are inwardly facing channels having their flanges bevelled at their upper ends,

. according to the angle of their slope, and eX- tend downward and outward in to the plane of the ties so that thcrear flange 22 of each provides an extended tie-face abutment surface.- The shelves 19 to which the legs 21 are welded serve to brace and fur' `er strengthen the structure against stress of car wheel impact. In this, as in the construction illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6 and already described lever action clamping means are provided, in the form of a pair of clamping jaws 23, one at each side of the rail and housed in the respective channeled legs 21, to which they conform. the nature of plates bearing and adapt-ed to be clamped flatwise to each side of the rail in planes angular thereto and so to have a double contact therewith, thus providing longitudinally extended bearings or seats along the head and base of the rail at both sides of it and constituting a V-shaped structure with movable sides. Each leg includes a clamping jaw 28, which is however adj ustably supported from the opposite leg. This is accomplished by the adjustable cross-clamp bolts 24 mounted in the respective legs in adjacent transverse vertical planes and having hooked lower ends 25 from which are suspended the jaws 23, each of whichfhas in its upper end a hole 2S through which the bolt passes. Accidental disengagement may be guarded against my slightly upsetting the ends 25, as indicated at 27. vEach bolt passes through an opening 2S in the abutment plate upward and outward through a hole in the leg which supports it and through the angle bracket 29' welded to the outside of the leg 21. The adjusting nut 30 finds a square bearing on this bracket. The structure is d-uplicated at each side of the block, save for the reversal of the respective clamping jaws, the staggering of the supporting and adjust-ing bolts and related and the omission respectively of the front or the rear top corner of one jaw to leave room for the cross bolt cfmnection to the other, The support given to the plate jaws by the flanges of the channeled legs keeps them from cramping on the rail head when the block is moved by a car wheel. and thereby insures that the device will slide on the rail to such extent as permi ted by the adjacent tie. Each of the clamping jaws has means to engage the underside of the rail head, these being provided by alug 32 12) whichis appropriately shaped for the purpose. Also the jaws seat' at 31 on the hese jaws are inV structure rail head and extend-below the base of the rail suiciently to be applicable to rails of different heights within the range to which the block is adapted, so as to provide a seat surface 33 adapted to be clamped against the outside edge of the rail base by the action of screws 34 in the leg structure.

In this, as in the structure already described, the clamping jaws are first adjusted to a moderate clamping contact with the rail head, the screw 34, being backed oil' at this time sufficiently to allow this action to take place. This preliminary clamping is done by the use o-f nuts 3() to move the respective bolts 24 endwise and draw the opposite" clamping jaw plates crosswise inward and upward against the rail head. The final centering and clamping of the block is then eected by screwing the screws 34 inward thereby forcing the jaws against the rail, after which nuts 30 may be further tightened if thought desirable. This operation can be quickly performedv 'eferring to Figures i3 to 17 inclusive,

which illustrate a third form, the block 1 is' provided with the car wheel abutment 2, as in the other figures, and with the rear inverted- U-shaped tie-face-abutment member 3 passed through slot 4 in the abutment plate and welded thereto. ln the lower edge of the block 1 near its front end is a notch 36 in which seats and is welded the bridge of a bifurcated b 'acket symmetrically located with respect te the plane of the abutment block,

and whose corresponding leg members 37 eX- tend downward and outward at eacl side of the rail and are provided adjacent the bridge kwith lugs 38. 'Each leg 37 is straddled by and housed in a double clamping jaw structure, built up by welding together' rolled steel plate members as indicated particularly in Fig. 15. These structures each comprise a pair of transverse, longitudinally j spaced clamp jaws 39 secured together in parallel planes by the back piece 40, welded to both and provided with a lengthwise slot 41,' and a yolre member externally fitting the spaced jaws at their upper ends and seating on and welded to their top and outer side surfaces, thus further securing and bracing the clamping jaw structure. The construction is duplicated at each side of the rail, the parts being in symmetrical relation to the plane of the abutment plate. The supporting and adjusting bolt 48 passes loosely upward and inward through aligned holes in the yoke .member 42 and lug 38, against whose under and upper sides'respectivelv bear the head of the bolt 43 and its nut 44. Each of the jaws is shaped to engage the rail, and preferably at three points of contact therewith marked'45, 46 and 47 respectively and being at the side ofthe rail head (45), under the rail head (46), and on the edge of the base flange 47, seats 45 and 47' of a. given pair ofk clamp jaws being preferably in a common plane. Final clamping bolts 48, whose heads 49 are countersunk in the inner face of the respective legs 37, near their lower ends at a point below the rail head, extend outward and slightly upward through said legs and through the slot fil of the adjacent' double clamping jaw, and are provided with a nut 5l reacting against theouter face of the backpiece l0. Preliminary adjustment to a moderate clamping is obtained by the bolts `and nuts 43, i-fl, which have an inward and upward cross-drawing Y effect on the double clamping jaws, the nuts 5l being then backed off sufficiently. to permit the outward movement of the lower ends of the doublev clamping jaws. The final clamping is obtained by screwing the nuts 5l of the clamp jaws to cramp under car wheel of lever action clamping aws adj ustably supl ported from the abutment structure in sym-4 metrical relation to the plane of the abutment and depending below the rail head at each side thereof to receive and grasp the same between them and center the scotch block on the rail and draw it down on the rail head, both jaws extending below the base of the rail and being movable inward against the edge of the adjacent rail base flange to final clamped position, and means to secure the parts therein.

2. A scotch block as set forth in claim l, in which each clamping jaw is connected to the abutment structure by a lost motion ad- Y justable connection comprising a bolt and nut whose axis extends upward and inward from the jaw.

3 A scotch block structure adapted te straddle and seat on the rail and to slide theremi in upright position under severe care wheel means associated with said extension and clamp member for fixing said member in its final seated position. i

4. A scotch'block of the tie-pusher type adapted for application to rails of different weights and having a car wheel abutment block in the plane of the rail seating onthe rail tread and extended rigidlydown at each side of the rail into the plane'of the ties, and

means for holding the car wheel abutment upright on the rail and sustaining lit against lateral displacement under car wheel yimpact comprising looselymounted clamping jaws at each side of the rail, supported from the abutment block, and means for applying each of said clamping jaws to the adjacent side of the rail in the position of multiple Contact therewith regardless of the Adifference of .inclination of the respective planes of-double tangency for rails of diferent'weights.

5. A scotch block provided with ai car wheel abutment and adapted to seat on the rail tread and having scotch-blockcentering and clamping means presenting to the rail six other rail-clamping seats symmetrically ar-y ranged with respectto thevertical plane of the rail in sets ofthree each. v 6. A scotch block provided with avcar wheel 'abutment upstanding from the rail and having1 seven point clamping contact with the rai 7. A scotch block having a car wheel abutment block in the plane of the rail and seating on the rail tread, and means including two clamping members at opposite sides of the rail movable relatively thereto and adapted to seat against the rail head and "rail base fia-nge edge to center the abutment block thereon, and means for holding said clamping members in clamped position. l

8. A scotch block of the tie pusher type adjustable to rails of different weights and having an abutment block'seating on therail head and adapted to slide thereon under severe car wheel impact and extended down rigidly at each side of the 'rail into the plane of the ties, clamp jaws extending down below the base of the rail and movably supported, one at each side of the rail, by the scotch block structure and adapted to seat at each side of the rail head against the rail head and rail base flange edge and beneath a part of the rail, and means for securing said clamp members in seated position.

9. A scotch block adjustable to rails of different weights straddlingthe rail and having an abutment block seating on the rail head and adapted to slide'thereon under severe car wheel impact, a clamping member located at one side of the rail supported by the scotch block structure, movable relatively thereto and adapted to seat against the rail head, rail base flange and the under side of a part of therail, and means to so seat said movable clamping member.. i.

l0. AA scotch block adjustable to rails ofv diierentweights and having an abutment block seating on the rail head and adapted to slide thereon under severe car wheel impact, movable clamp members extending down below the base ofthe rail, supported one at each side of the rail bythe scotch block structure and adapted'to seat against the rail head, rail base liange and the under side of ai part of the rail, and means to seat said movable clamp members.

ll. A scotch block structure adapted to seat on the rail and extend upward therefrom in the plane of the rail and having a car wheel abutment at its front end and, at each side, a downwardly and outwardly extending leg, a rail head clamping jaw supported from each leg, and a pair of angularly related guide slots in each adjacent member and leg, and bolts occupying and co-operating with each set ef slots to permit the adjustment and fixing of the clamping jaws in clamped position.

l2. A scotch block having a car wheel abutment plate adapted to seat on the rail and be maintained in the plane of the rail under severe car wheel thrust, said abutment plate having in a plane transverse thereto a pair of legs welded to the plate and extending downward and outward therefrom, a gusset 5 lug welded to the rear side of each of said legs and to the adjacent side of the plate, a rail clamp member connected to each leg for railward movement with respect thereto, and an adjusting bolt connecting' said gusset lug and clamp member.

13. A scotch block structure having a car wheel abutment and adapted to seat and slide on the rail in upright position under severe car wheel impact and having at each side a `i downwardly and outwardly extendingV leg having` therein a slot extending lengthwise thereof, a rail clamping jaw associated with each of said legs and supported from the block, extending below the base of the rail and having therein a slot whose major axis is inclined to the major axis of the slot in the leg and crosses it in an upward and inward direction, a cross bolt occupying said slots for securing the parts in iinal clamped position, and a supporting and adjusting bolt bv which the clamp member is suspended'` from the block, the axis of said supporting and adjusting bolt extending upward and ing ward beyond the longitudinal axis of the adacent leg tc cause the bolt to draw the 'upper end of the clamping jaw inward as well as upward imo clamping Contact with the rail head.

la. A scotch block having a car wheel Vabuti ment bloclr adapted to seat on the rail and to be maintained upright in the plane of the rail and having rigid legs extending downward at each side of the rail head, clamping jaws located respectively at opposite sides of the rail Y and adapted to under the rail head, and.

cross-drawbolts mounted` in the respective legs for endwise movement and fromeachoiE which the clamping aw atvthe other side lofl the rail is suspended. c

l5, A scotch block having a car wheel abutment'plate seatingonthe railand upstanding therefrom substantially to the car wheel axle and having secured thereto at oppositel sides thereof opposite inwardly facingchan` nels extending downward and'outward below the rail base into the plane of the ties,-rail clamping jaws at each side of the rail associated with therespective channels and extending under the head ofthe rail,and means mounted on said channels'for moving the clamping jaws into clampedy position.

16. A scotch bloclrstructur'e having a car wheel abutmentplateadapted to Seaton the rail and upstanding therefrom in the plane -offthe rail and having welded to opposite sides thereof apair of correspondingly located inwardlygfacing downwardly and outwardlynextending channels, railA clampingy jaws housed in the respective channels-andmovable substantially endwise thereof and inwardfto a-bearing on the rail, and means for adjusting and securing said clamping jaws against rails of different weights.-

17. c A scotch block having a car wheel abutment plate seating on the rail. and upstandingtherefrom substantially to the car wheel axis and having at its front acar wheel abutment and at rits rear meansV to center the abutment plate on the rail, legs near the car wheel abutment extended down rigidly from the abutment plate at each side thereof-below the railbaseintd the plane-of the ties,

and a clamping jaw at each: side of the raili adjustably mounted on one of the legs and extended under the rail head, said legs thereby actingboth as tie face abutments and as' clamp jaw supports. v v

ward and outward from opposite sides vof the yblocky into the plane of the ties, rail clamping plate members extending below the rail base, housed in the respective channels and movable substantially endwise thereof and inward toward the rail, and each extending under'the rail head, means mounted in the channelsfor seatingfsaid clamping plate members against the head, and means also mounted in therespective channels for adjusting and securing the 'cla-mp plate-@nenn` bers againstthe rail base flange'of rails of different weights.

v19. A scotch blockhaving a carfwheelabutment block `inthe plane of the rail `and seating on the: rail tread,1a pairl of legs yrigidly -extendingfrom the block at eachside there' from downward-and outward into the planethrough the leg rand abutment block, a clamping jaw suspended from each of said bolts and-located at the opposite side of the rail adjacent the othei1 leg, and means carried by each leg below the head of the rail for moving the lower edge of the adjacent clamping jaw inward.

20.r A scotch block structure having a car wheel abutment seating on the rail and upstanding therefrom inthe plane of thev rail and adapted to slide thereon under severe car wheel impact and having a pair of legs extending rigidly downward therefrom on opposite 'sides of the block, a clamping jaw associated with each of said legs, and having a portion `extending'inward under the rail head, said jaws extending down below the-,base ofthe rail and` being movable substantially lengthwise of the legs upward and inward against the rail, afbolt supported in each of said legs, said bolts crossing each other and each extending through the abutment Vblockand hooked into an opening in the clamping jaw ontheother side of the block, means forl moving each of said bolts endwise to seat the clamp jaws against the rail, and Vadditional means for forcing them inward'against the side of the rail.`

l--ZLIA scotch block having a car wheel abutmentV adapted to seat and slide on'the rail inl'the yplane' of the rail and having a pair of legs "rigidly supported from the block and extending downward and outward therefrom at each side of the'lrail into the plane ofthe ties, a plate-like clamping jaw at each side of the rail' associated with the adjacent leg for movement endwise thereof, extending down belowthe base of the rail and having an inwardly extending portion to seat under the rail head, cross-draw bolts mounted in the respective legs for endwise movement and fromeach 'of which the clamping jaw associated with the opposite leg is suspended by its kupper end, and clamp screws mounted for adjustment-in the respective legs and each abutting on the adjacent plate to seat it against the rail in final clamped position.

22. A scotch block vstructure having a car wheel abutment seating on the rail and upstanding therefrom in the plane of the rail and having a leg at each side of theV block extending downward and outward therefrom, clampingl plate members, one at each side Vvof the-block, each supported for movement endwise of one of said legs and having seat'surfaces adapted to seat on the side and under the 'head of the rail, a bolt suspending each ofv said clamping `plate mem-f bers from the leg on the opposite 'side of wise, and means for moving the clamping plate to and fixing itin its final seated position. Y-

23. A scotch block of the type adapted to seat on a rail and be maintained upright thereon without drilling the rail having a car wheel abutment plate upstanding in the plane of the rail provided with clamp-supporting rail head straddling legs fast thereto and located in inwardly and upwardly inclined planes meeting in the planer of the car wheel abutment block, and means'for applying said clamps to opposite sidesof rails of different weights. i

24. A scotch block adapted to seat on the rail and having a car wheel abutment adapted to slide on the rail in the plane of the rail under severe car wheel impact, said scotch block having inverted V-shaped structure provided with movable sides and adapted to'straddle rails of different weights and extend below the base of the rail, and means for conforming the sides of said structure to the particular rail, each of said sides having an .inwardly projecting portion for seatingV under a part of the rail.

'25. A scotch bloclehaving an abutment plate adapted to seat'on the rail and to slide thereon under severe car wheel impact and having welded thereto at opposite sides thereof near its base a fore and aft brace plate, and having a pair of legs welded to opposite sides of the abutment plate and extending downward and outward below the base of the rail and into the plane of the ties and secured to Vsaid brace plate, and bodily movable clamping jaws supported by said scotch block structure and provided with lugsy seating under a rail part at each side of the rail. Y Y

26. A scotch block structure having a car wheel abutment and adapted to seat on the rail and upstanding therefrom in the plane of the rail and having a fore and aft brace plate ateachf side of the block, a leg at each side of the block extending rigidly downward and outward therefrom and secured to said plate, a clamping plate associated with each of lsaid legs, said clamping plates having seat surfaces adapted to seat against the side and yunder the head of a rail, a bolt suspending each of said clamping plate members from one of the legs, means for adjusting each bolt endwise, and means for seating the clamping plate in final position.

27.'A scotch block having an abutment plate adapted to seat on the rail and to slide thereon under severe car wheel impact and having welded 4thereto at opposite sides thereof near its base horizontal brace plates each provided at its rear with means for centering the block, and having a pair of legs weldedto opposite sides of saidr abutment plate and extending downward and outward through anopening in the adjacent brace vso plate, below the base ofthe rail and into. the plane of the ties, and bodily movable clamping jaws supported by said scotchv block structure and provided with lugs seating under a railpart at each side of the rail.

28. A scotch block having. a. car wheel abutment upstanding from the rail in the plane of the rail and provided with downwardly and outwardly extending legs straddling the rail, a trough-shaped inwardly facing double clamping jaw adjustably suspended from the adjacent leg housing or straddling the same and opposing jaw faces at each side thereof to the side and underside of the rail head, and means adjustably connecting each said double clamping jaw and its supporting leg below the rail head for clamping said jaws in liiial position.

29. A scotch block according to claim 28 of the tie-pusher type in which the car wheel abutment block is extended rigidly below the rail base into the plane of the ties, and in which the double clamping aws also extend below the rail base and wherein separate preliminary and final adjusting means are provided for the clamping jaws.

30. A scotch block having a car wheel abutment upstanding from the rail in the plane of the rail and slotted to receive an inverted U-shaped supporting member secured thereto in symmetrical relation to the abutment plate and extending downward and outward therefrom at each side of the rail, a pair of double clamping jaws each built up by welding from plate parts into a trough shape and having at its upper portion a member receiving an adjusting bolt co-operating with the adjacent leg of the supporting U, and a pair of twin clamping jaw members spaced lengthwise of the rail to receive the leg between them, said aw members er;- tending below tlie rail base and facing the side and underside of the headof the rail and the rail base flange edge, and means below the iail head' seat portions of the jaws for moving the double jaws against the rail for final clamping.

3l. ln a scotch block, a double clamping jaw fabricated by welding from rolled steel plate pieces a pair of twin aw members having corresponding seats for the side and underside of the rail head and the rail base flange edge, a spacer piece for the. jaw meinbers, and two adjustmentbolt-receiviiig lugs at the upper end and bach respectively of the clamping jaw.

32. A scotch block upstanding above the rail in the plane of the rail and having correspondingly located downward extensions at each side of the rail, afpair of rail clamping jaws, one at each side of the rail, each adjustably supported by one of the downward extensions, preliminary clamping jaw ad` justing means, and final clampino jaw adjusting: means for each jaw.

means for that aw is mounted on the other. 'i'

34. A scotch block having an abutment plate seating on the rail tread and upstanding therefrom in the plane of the rail and having clamping means symmetrically located with reference tol the plane of the abutment plate and liaif'ing at each side of the rail sin clamp'- ing sea-ts.

scotch block seating on the rail and having a car wheel abutment upstanding aboi'fe the rail in the plane of the rail, a pair of lever action rail head clamping jaws suspended by their upper and railhead clamping ends from separated points on opposite sides of the abutment structure and depending below the rail head at eachv side thereof to receive the same between them, independent means for adjusting each jaw separately, the i adapted to be foi-ced toward each other to grip the rail head between themselves and the car wheel abutment, and additional means for securing the parts in their final position.

3G. A scotch block seating on the rail and l having a car wheel abutment upstanding above the rail vin the plane of the rail and having rigid extensions from the cai' wheel abutment at each side of the rail into the plane of the ties for delivering stressv of car wheel impact to the tie and ballast, a pair of lever action clamping' jaws suspended from the abutment structure and depending below the rail head at each side thereof to receive the same between them,rthe lower ends of said clamping jaws being adapted to be forced toward each other to grip the railhead between themselves and the car wheel abutment, and means for securing the parts in their final position.

37. A scotch block having a car wheel 1 abutment block in the plane of the rail and seating on the rail tread, and means for holding it upright on the rail and sustaining it against lateral vdisplacement comprising a clamping jaw at each side of the rail facing the side of the rail head and the rail base, and inovably supported from the abutment bloolr, each of said clainping jaws being movable against. the adjacent side of the rail head and the rail base into a position of double or multiple bearing contactl on the rail, and means-for clamping the` jaws in that position.

38. A scotch block having a car wheel abutment seating on the rail and upstanding above the rail in the plane of the rail, a pair 'of op.-

posed lever actioncla-inping jaws each adjustably suspended for movementvof translation from abutment structure at one side thereof, each clamping jaw having at its upper end seats for co-acti`on with the adjacent side and io'wer ends of said clamping jaws being TCS underside of the rail head, depending past the rail head and rail base and having its lower end free for movement toward the lower end of the other clamping jaw into position of final adjustment, and means for fixing the final adjustment.

39. A scotch block seating on the rail and having a carwheel abutment upstanding above the rail in the plane of the rail, a pair of movable clamp jaws mounted on abutment structure and extending below the rail base on opposite sides of the rail and each having seat portions for co-action with the adjacent side and underside of the rail head and with the edge of the rail base, and means for fixing the clamp jaws in clamping position.

40. A scotch block of the type adapted to be applied to the rail without drilling it and mounted on the rail with freedom to slide Vthereon under excessively severe car wheel impact, having a car wheel abutment upstanding above the rail head to substantially the level of the car wheel axis and having rigid downward extensions below the base i of the rail into the plane of the ties at each side of the rail for delivering stress of car wheel impact to the roadbed, and lever action clamp jaws at each side of the rail head for coacting-with the underside thereof.

41. A scotch block of the type adapted to be applied to the rail without drilling it having a car wheel abutment supported by the rail in the plane of the rail and extended down rigidly at each side of the rail below the base of the rail into the plane of the ties by means welded to the car wheel abutment at opposite sides thereof, and lever action clamp jaws extending under the rail head above the rail base for coaction with the rail head to clamp the block to the rail and maintain. it in upright position.

4:2, A scotch block having a car wheel abutment plate seating on the rail and upstanding above the rail head in the plane of the rail to 5 substantially the car Vwheel axis and adapted to slide on the rail under severe car wheel impact, a pair of opposed inwardly facing channels welded to opposite sides of the abutment plate and extending downward and f outward therefrom below the rail base into secured to opposite sides of the abutment plato and extending downward and outward therefrom below the rail base into the plane of the ties, rail head clamping jaws suspended from the scotch block at opposite sides of the rail adjacent said channels and extending below the rail base, said jawshaving seats for coaction with the side oftherail head and.

rail base and the underside of the rail head,

means for adjusting them by movement'of v translation generally lengthwise of the adj acent channel, and screw means associated with each clamping jaw and passing throughthe;

back of the adjacent channel for permitting further adjustment and the securing of the clamping jaws in final position.

44. A scotch block seating on the rail and having a lcar wheel abutment upstanding above the rail in the plane of the rail, a pair 1 of clamping jaws having rail head seats at their upper ends and hung by their ra1l head seat ends from the abutment structurev ateachside thereof, upwardly and inwardly inclined bolts mounted in scotch .block structure and connecting the clamping jaws adjustably thereto forsuspending said clamping jaws and for traversing them generally endwise into krail head contact, and trans-y versely extending bolts mounted below the rail head at opposite sides of the rail in. scotch block structure and connecting the.

46. A scotch block upstanding above the rail in the plane of the rail and having correspondingly located rigid downward exten'- sions at each side of the rails into the plane of the ties, a pair of rail-clamping jaws, one

at each side of the rail, each adjustably sup` ported by one of the downward extensions,

preliminaryclamping jaw adjusting means,

and final clamping jaw adjusting means for each jaw.

47. A scotch block having a car wheel abutment plate adapted to seat and slide on the rail in upright position and having rigidly united thereto, at opposite sides thereof, a pair of legs extended downward and outward therefrom below the base of the rail into the plane of the ties to transmit stress of car wheel impact to the tie and ballast and having rear faces in a plane transverse to the abutment plate, a brace plate near the bottom of the abutmentplate occupying the angle between the abutment plato and the rear face of the adjacent leg and welded to both. and rail-headflamping jaws on opposite sides of the rail adjustably supported from said legs.

4-8. A scotch block having a car wheel abutlll) suspended from the adjacent supporting lug and movable inte clamped relationl to the rail head.

49. A scotch block having a car wheel abutment upstanding from the rail in the plane of the rail and provided with downwardly and outwardly extending legs straddling the rail, a clamping jaw adjustably suspended from the adjacent leg and having a jaw member located in a plane transverse to the track at one side of said leg and having a slotted back piece welded to the. jaw piece and located in a plane at right angles thereto, said jaw extending below the rail base and having seats adapted for co-action with the side and underside of the rail head and the edge of the rail base, and means associated with the adjacent leg and passing through the slot in the back piece Jfor adjusting and securing the clamping jaws in final position.

50. In a scotch block, a clamping jaw fabricated by welding from rolled steel plate pieces and having a clamping jaw member having seats for contact with the side and the under side of the rail head and with the rail base flange edge, a tab piece inclined to the longitudinal axis of the jaw member and welded to the jaw member and a back piece welded to the jaw member, said tab member and back piece having holes for receiving adjustment bolts.

51. A scotch block having a car wheel abutment plate seating on the rail in the plane of the rail and upstanding above the rail head, opposed legs rigidly secured to the abutment plate and extending down at opposite sides of the rail, a pair of clamping jaws each having jaw seats for coaction with the adjacent side and under side of the rail head, and a slotted back piece welded to the adjacent jaw member and located in a plane at right angles thereto, means for adjustably supporting each clamping jaw from abutment structure, and an adjusting bolt associated with the adjacent leg and passing through the slot in the back piece of the corresponding jaw member for adjustment 'of the jaw toward the rail.

52. A scotch block having an abutment plate seating on the rail and upstanding above the rail head substantially to the level of the car wheel axis. and providedL with downwardly and outwardly extending legs straddling the rail, a lug at each side of the abutment plate located in a plane extending downwardly and inwardly toward the abutment plate and associated with the adjacent leg, a pair of clamp jaws at opposite sides of the abutment plate having tab portions extending downwardly and inwardly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the clamp members and by which they are respectively suspended from said respective lugs.

53. A scotch block having an abutment plate adapted to be supported on the rail without drilling it and having downwardly and outwardly extending legs straddling the rail, a pair of supporting lugs each welded to the adjacent leg and lying in downwardly and inwardly inclined planes meeting in the abutment plate, and a pair of clamp jaws each having a tab located in a plane inclining downwardly and inwardly to the longitudinal axis of the clamp jaw and suspended by said tab from the adjacent lug by an adjustable bolt extending upwardly and inwardly toward the abutment plate, the structure being symmetrical.

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specication.

STANLEY W. HAYES. 

